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(12) In certain NENA dialects new preterite regarding Category II verbs has an excellent vocalism (m)CoCiC- or (m)CuCiC- with no precursor in the earlier languages. Noldeke (1868, 213) ideal that the progressive means are associated with new Hebrew pual. Examples: Aradhin mbusille ‘he cooked’ (Krotkoff 1982, 136), Tkhuma mso:re:li ‘I began’, Jilu +poltele ‘he got they out’ (Fox 1992, 54). Variations which have o otherwise you is actually missing outside NENA and have now in lots of of one’s NENA languages: Hertevin, Sanandaj Christian, and Halabja: Halabja bqirraxun ‘you (pl.) asked’, Hertevin bqerre ‘he asked’ (Jastrow 1988, 206).
(13) All round establish try marked from the a beneficial prefix throughout NENA but Hertevin and in Mandaic along with Turoyo. Brand new prefix takes certainly around three models: (a) k- towards the verbs (state-of-the-art in order to c- inside Urmi, stretched so you can ko- prior to consonants into the Turoyo, and in Zakho to-be g- in advance of a voiced phoneme); (b) k- but merely on the a finite category of verbs (with a few voicing intake and sometimes other changes as well); otherwise (c) i- for the the verbs.
Examples: (a) Zakho k-xaze ‘he sees’, g-emir ‘he says’ (Meehan and Alon 1979, 182), Urmi csader ‘he sends’ (Hetzron 1969, 115), Turoyo kohoze ‘he sees’, Tisqopa ksaqIl ‘he takes’ (Rubba, personal interaction); (b) Halabja k-ImrIx-wa ‘we create say’, however, doqIx-wa-ce ‘we perform observe it’, Azerbaijan k-xil ‘he takes, have a tendency to eat’, but sate ‘he drinks, commonly, get drink’ (Garbell 1965, 66, 67); (c) Aradhin we-zare:la ‘he tills it’ (Krotkoff 1982, 70), Jilu i-napli baro ‘they pursue her’ (Fox 1992, 55).
Brand new k- prefix seems to be a success of one’s prefix qa- regarding BT, as with the brand new ubiquitous qatane ‘he teaches’. elizabeth ‘stands’. In some eastern dialects brand new shipment off k- might limited to a small category of verbs (Garbell 1965, 65). In other people, it has got vanished and you will started replaced by another prefix we-, and this most likely started since the a lesser kind of we[Theta] ‘there is’.
Examples: Halabja geznawa ta knista ‘I goes toward the synagogue’, Aradhin tla t-sapri ‘to wait’, Jilu zIlli l-yawa zuze tla da kIcca ‘I went to render currency so you’re able to a great girl’, Tisqopa [Theta]e:li ta di-mbaslan ‘I (fem
(14) The new verb ‘give’ was yehav inside BT, and you may yav in the Syriac. It has been remade throughout NENA languages from the incorporation of your own adopting the l- ‘to’. New essential, which had been hav from inside the Syriac and BT, is hal (Noldeke 1868, 256) in all NENA wherein You will find suggestions, yet not for the Turoyo or Mandaic.
(15) Throughout NENA, the brand new only 1 vital off qyama ‘get up’ has lost its final m: Aradhin qu (Krotkoff 1982, 145), Sanandaj Christian qu (Panoussi, 110). The newest plural, although not, keeps the new meters.
(16) In all NENA, the new essential of (i)zala ‘go’ try abnormal: Aradhin au moment ou (Krotkoff 1982, 147), Sanandaj Christian say (Panoussi 119), Jilu se, Jewish Azerbaijani lorsque (Garbell 1965, 285).
(17) Around the NENA, many different terms are utilized due to the fact feet having reflexive pronouns particularly ‘myself’. He’s: ruh- within the Hertevin and also in Turoyo, nos- about three easternmost Jewish languages, and you may gyan- regarding leftover dialects: Hertevin ruhan ‘ourselves’ (Jastrow 1988, 197), Zakho qtala gyane ‘beating himself’ (Meehan and you may Alon 1982, 181), Halabja nosan ‘ourselves’.
It qa- are in parship oturum açma sorunu itself a beneficial contraction out of qa?
(18) Another preposition definition ‘to’ or ‘for’ which will take the form ta, tla, otherwise tla are extensive, even when perhaps not common, within the NENA, although not used in Mandaic otherwise Turoyo. ) involved cook’ (Rubba, individual correspondence), Zakho cuxa la psIxle darga tale ‘no you to definitely open the door to help you him’ (Meehan and Alon 1979, 182).